Heap Memory : It is used to store objects. If heap memory gets filled then it returns java.lang.OutOfMemoryError. Accessing this memory is slower when compared to stack. Heap space is used throughout the applications.

Stack Memory : It is used to store the order of method execution and local variables. If stack memory gets filled then it returns java.lan.StackOverFlowError. Accessing this memory is faster when compared to heap. Stack space is used for methods that are currently running

There are three major approaches to develop algorithms:

Greedy Approach − creating a solution by choosing the next best possible option

Divide and Conquer − diving the problem to a minimum possible sub-problem and solving them independently.

Dynamic Programming − diving the problem to a minimum possible sub-problem and solving them combinedly.

C++ can be considered as a superset of C, most C programs except some exceptions, work in C++ and C.

C programming is a little bit limited and is a procedural programming language, but C++ supports both procedural and Object-Oriented programming

Since C++ supports object-oriented programming, it is capable of performing tasks like function overloading, templates, inheritance, virtual functions, friend functions. These features are not present in C.

Static Binding is a binding in which the name can be combined with the class during collection time, and it is also called early binding.

Dynamic Bindingis a binding in which name can be identified with the class during execution time, and it is also known as Late Bindin

It (Database partitioning) is a process where a logical database is divided into different independent parts. The database objects like tables, indexes are subdivided and managed, and accessed at the granular level.

During the Software Development Life Cycle, Software Configuration Management is a method for routinely managing, organizing, and controlling modifications in manuals, protocols, and other organizations. In information engineering, the SCM process is abbreviated as SCM. The main aim is to improve productivity by making as few errors as possible.

A version control system is defined as a system that keeps all records of the changes made on a specific project, and also helps us to ensure whether all developers in a team are working on the same or not. It manages the history of all the activities done so, it gives a developer the confidence to fix a bug or make any changes or run a test so if anything goes wrong previous work can be restored anytime.

INNER JOIN:select column_name From table1 INNER JOIN table2 on table1.column_name = table2.column_name;

OUTER JOIN:select column_name From table1 OUTER JOIN table2 on table1.column_name = table2.column_name;

LEFT JOIN:select column_name From table1 LEFT JOIN table2 on table1.column_name = table2.column_name

RIGHT JOINselect column_name From table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 on table1.column_name = table2.column_name;

FULL JOIN: select column_name From table1 INNER JOIN table2 on table1.column_name = table2.column_name WHERE condition

A trigger is a special type of stored procedure that executes automatically in place or after data changes. It allows e executing a batch of code when an insert, update, or any other query is executed against a specific table.

Software Metrics provide measures for various aspects of software processes and software products. They are divided into –

Requirement metrics: Length requirements, completeness

Product metrics:Lines of Code, Object-oriented metrics, design, and test metrics

Process metrics: Evaluate and track budget, schedule, human resources.

Inheritance is a concept where one class shares the structure and behavior defined in another class. Inheritance applied to one class is called Single Inheritance, and if it depends on multiple classes, then it is called multiple Inheritance.

Uses:-

For Method Overriding (so runtime polymorphism can be achieved.

For Code Reusability.

Micro kernel:micro kernel is the kernel which runs minimal performance affecting services for operating system. In micro kernel operating system all other operations are performed by process

Macro Kernel:Macro Kernel is a combination of micro and monolithic kernel.

As we know, that this refers to the current class object, therefore, it must be similar to the current class object. However, there can be two main advantages of passing this into a method instead of the current class object.

This is a final variable. Therefore, this cannot be assigned to any new value whereas the current class object might not be final and can be changed.

This can be used in the synchronized block

To ensure that the data transactions are processed reliably in a database system we use the ACID property.

Atomicity:It states that each transaction is all or nothing. It states that the entire transaction fails if one part of the transaction fails and the database state is left unchanged.

Consistency:It ensures that the data must follow all validation rules. According to this a transaction never leaves your database without its state being completed

Isolation:The main goal of providing isolation is concurrency control. This property ensures that the concurrent property of execution should not be met.

Durability:this property states that once a transaction has been committed, it remains committed, whatever the situation be, even power loss, crashes, or errors

In the selection sort technique, the list is divided into two parts. In one part all elements are sorted and in another part the items are unsorted. At first we take the maximum or minimum data from the array. After getting the data (say minimum) we place it at the beginning of the list by replacing the data of first place with the minimum data.

A stack is a data structure that follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle. This means that the last element that is added to the stack is the first element that is removed. A queue is a data structure that follows the First In, First Out (FIFO) principle. This means that the first element that is added to the queue is the first element that is removed.

Big O notation is a way of expressing the time complexity of an algorithm. It is a measure of how the running time of an algorithm grows as the size of the input grows. For example, an algorithm that has a time complexity of O(n) means that the running time of the algorithm grows linearly as the size of the input grows.

Procedural programming is a programming paradigm that focuses on breaking down a problem into a series of steps. Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that focuses on creating objects that represent real-world entities.

Some of the latest trends in technology include artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud computing, and big data. These trends are having a major impact on the tech industry and are creating new opportunities for developers

A relational database is a database that stores data in tables. Each table is made up of rows and columns, and the data in each row is related to the data in other rows by the column values. A NoSQL database is a database that does not store data in tables. Instead, NoSQL databases store data in a variety of different ways, such as key-value pairs, documents, or graphs

A distributed system is a system that is made up of multiple computers that are connected together. Distributed systems are often used to handle large amounts of data or to provide high availability. To design a distributed system, you need to consider factors such as scalability, fault tolerance, and performance

Cloud computing is a model for delivering computing services over the internet. Cloud computing offers a number of benefits, such as scalability, flexibility, and cost savings. However, there are also some challenges associated with cloud computing, such as security, compliance, and performance.

Some of the latest trends in cloud computing include serverless computing, containerization, and microservices. Serverless computing is a cloud computing model where the cloud provider manages the servers and the user only needs to focus on the code. Containerization is a way of packaging and deploying applications in a standardized way. Microservices is an architectural pattern where an application is composed of small, independent services.

A web application is an application that is hosted on a web server and accessed through a web browser. A desktop application is an application that is installed on a user’s computer and accessed through the user’s desktop.

Windows and Linux are both operating systems, but they have different underlying architectures. Windows is a proprietary operating system that is developed by Microsoft. Linux is an open-source operating system that is developed by a community of developers.

Agile is a popular SDLC methodology widely adapted for project management purposes in the IT industry. An Agile environment promotes flexibility, autonomy, collaboration and openness to change within the company. There are many benefits of working in an Agile environment. Given its flexibility and adaptability, you can continue to refine the project design and requirements as the project work progresses. You can emphasise creativity and innovation in an Agile environment, prioritise your requirements and significantly reduce your overhead expenses. You can also focus on development and improve the project quality.

REST stands for Representational State Transfer and SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol. They are used for accessing web services and the principal difference between them is that REST is an architectural pattern for data transmission and SOAP is a communications protocol. This means that REST can use SOAP as an underlying protocol, but SOAP, being a protocol, cannot use REST. REST can work with HTML, XML, JSON and plain text, while SOAP can only work with XML formats. REST uses Uniform Service locators to access a hardware device's components, while SOAP uses service interfaces to provide information about its functionality to client applications. REST requires less bandwidth than SOAP."

The waterfall methodology is a sequential process where tasks are handled in a linear fashion. Generally, it’s best used when the requirements are clear, well-known, and entirely fixed. The agile methodology uses an iterative process that relies on cyclic patterns with a high degree of collaboration. Agile provides ample room for feedback and future adjustments, making it a better fit in cases where goals and requirements may shift, or other unknowns are likely to arise. With this answer, you can dive into examples from your past work to serve as use cases. That can add something extra to your response and may help you stand out.

Object-oriented programming is a model that centers on data fields with distinct behaviors and attributes — referred to as objects — instead of logic or functions. Developers focus on the objects that need to be manipulated instead of the processes required to manipulate them. Like the question above, you can use examples from past projects to make your answer more compelling and show your understanding of differences between functional programming and OOP.

“Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is an HTTP-header based mechanism that allows a server to indicate any origins (domain, scheme, or port) other than its own from which a browser should permit loading of resources. CORS also relies on a mechanism by which browsers make a “preflight” request to the server hosting the cross-origin resource, in order to check that the server will permit the actual request. In that preflight, the browser sends headers that indicate the HTTP method and headers that will be used in the actual request.”